Gestion de l'eau potale et spécificité locale : quelle institution pour une gestion de l'eau équitable et durable en guadeloupe

Management of drinking water and local spécificity : Which institution for management of equitable and sustainable water Guadeloupe ?

• Auteur / Autrice : Gérard Cabrion
• Direction : Pierre-Yves Chicot, Christian Hen
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Droit public
• Date : Soutenance le 23/10/2021
• Etablissement(s) : Antilles
• Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Milieu insulaire tropical : dynamiques de développement, sociétés, patrimoine et culture dans l'espace Caraïbes-Amériques (Pointe-à-Pitre)
• Partenaire(s) de recherche : Equipe de recherche : Laboratoire caribéen de sciences sociales
• Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Centre de recherches en économie et en droit sur le développement insulaire (Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe)
• Jury : Président / Présidente : Nicolas Kada
• Jury : Examinateurs / Examinatrices : Christian Hen, Nicolas Kada, Florence Crouzatier-Durand, Alain Maurin, Carine Gindre David
• Jury : Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Florence Crouzatier-Durand

Mots clés

Mots clés contrôlés

Eau -- Politique publique

Guadeloupe

Gestion des ressources en eau

Mots clés libres

Ressource en eau douce

Droit de l’eau

Droit de l’homme à l’eau

Gouvernance

Freshwater Resource

Water Rights

Human Right to Water

Governance

Résumé

Le sujet de cette recherche porte sur la gestion de l'eau potable par les entités administratives. l'eau (ressource nature) est exploitée sur le territoire de la Guadeloupe, dont le régime juridique est spécifique. l'existence d'une gestion morcelée de l'eau potable, traduit sa complexité : une mixité par plusieurs entités, et un double mode de gestion (public-privé). cette situation engendre des conflits entres le communes, alors que le support physique – les réseaux d'infrastructure – ne se limite pas à une frontière. la démographie du territoire montre un déséquilibre naturel, ou l'abondance (région de basse-terre) compense la pénurie (région de la grande-terre). la situation de l'usager est prise en compte, ou la qualité du service se confond avec la qualité du produit distribué. cette mixité affecte l'efficacité et la rationalité de la gestion, est une interrogation : est-ce que le morcellement qui la caractérise est viable, alors que sous la pression communautaire, les etats membres doivent répondre aux exigences de la directive cadre de 2000. l'objectif de cette recherche est de s'interroger sur la pérennité du système de gestion de l'eau existante en Guadeloupe, en faisant une analyse profonde de la remise en cause du modèle actuel d'organisation des services publics locaux d'eau potable.

The freshwater resource is, in general, one of the most appreciated natural elements in the world, and especially on ultramarine or island territories, such as That of Guadeloupe. A territory where water is available in abundance, can, depending on the circumstances, suffer damage - natural phenomena - weakening it in terms of its vulnerability because it is managed by the force of nature. These consequences are only one problematic aspect, but the fact remains that the "problems of water" or those generated by it exist in other respects. These can manifest themselves on its preservation and protection, its sharing or its uses etc. The latter, by which water is all the more appreciated on a daily basis by the population or in the context of its appropriation, in terms of control for economic purposes justify its raison d'être. Moreover, this resource has been coveted for decades, taking on a certain value and increasingly becoming a strategic, political and commercial issue. Moreover, this resource is a commodity of exchange, the object of the market its development is accentuated in this sector, and in particular by competition, while it is often specified that water is not a commodity, while its nature sounds like a "product" and this, despite its which, legally, is very demanding especially when domestic use is a priority. In this regard, the management process, which ensures a certain availability of water to meet society's needs, cannot do without it. In addition, this resource is valued in a variety of ways, depending on whether it is international, national, local or regional, through indicators or determinants that are both quantitative and qualitative. These are legal requirements, which are increasing as a result of changes in water law and the right to water.This priority of access to water is a global concern. It is recognized internationally as a fundamental principle, followed by French water legislation. This principle has made the task of the main players more laborious, which, located at various administrative levels, have, more often than not, differences in terms of coordination and consultation or interaction of these activities (legally complex). Grouped within a process, forming an "island" for the one and only "water" skill, whose missions are shared, for a single objective: the obligation to achieve results. This imperative must be met by its debtors.Our research is treated both from a constructivist perspective under which the legal status of water is a reality, as to its availability and priority of its domestic use in the face of access to water, and the impact of rights Fundamental. Because solving the problem generated by the water resource is an emergency in the face of this obligation to have equitable access to water for all. Governance is directed directly at the water resource, which must be managed globally by a leading entity, with direct effects on all water management activities. As a result, the concept of "unification" or single management has a certain degree of mutualisation in its sights, followed by the satisfaction of this reconquest of the water resource and its main interest for all, is also compounded by the impact of the territorialization, a management method and the establishment of a "contracting process" specifying the skills at each stage of the process (strategic objectives), for equitable and sustainable management of drinking water.