Thèse soutenue

Dynamique collective de colloïdes auto-propulsés

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Auteur / Autrice : Antoine Bricard
Direction : Denis Bartolo
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Matière condensée et Interfaces
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Mots clés

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Résumé

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This Since 1995 and the introduction of the Vicsek model, the physicist community has shown a growing interest for active matter and particularly polar active matter. There has been a lot of theoretical and numerical works, but few physical experimental systems which display a flocking dynamic. In 2011, none of them aliows both to handle a very large number of particules and to identify and deeply understand the details of the interactions and the propulsion mechanism. With this thesis, we hoped to fil this void. We achieved this goal by propelling colloids with a electrohydrodynamic effect known as Quincke electro-rotation. We studied these colloids, which we named Quincke rollers, in different geometries. Studying them in a stadium-shaped potential with periodic boundary conditions, we found a flocking phenomenology similar to one emerging from the Vicsek model. We observed and fully characterized three phases, a disordered isotropic gas, ordered, inhomogeneous, anisotropie bands and an ordered, homogeneous, isotropic polar liquid. This polar liquid is the very first to be observed in a laboratory. Then we studied an assembly of Quincke rollers in a circular confinement, and observed an characterized the transition between an isotropic gas and an inhomogeneous and partially ordered vortex. Finally, we shortly describe the phases and the transition that occur in more complex confinements. Each time we used our full understanding of microscopic mechanisms of the propulsion and the interactions to successfully confront the experimental results to relevant theoretical models.