Auteur / Autrice : | Alix Sauve |
Direction : | Luc Abbadie |
Type : | Thèse de doctorat |
Discipline(s) : | Frontières du vivant |
Date : | Soutenance en 2014 |
Etablissement(s) : | Paris 7 |
Mots clés
Mots clés contrôlés
Mots clés libres
Résumé
The purpose of this PhD thesis is to investigate the "structure-stability" relationship in networks with two different types of interaction: mutualistic and antagonistic. To do this, I considered mutualistic and antagonistic networks combined (or "inteconnected" at the level of a guild of species involved in both systems simultaneously (for instance plants interacting with herbivores and pollinators). When studied separately, mutualistic networks and antagonistic networks are characterised by different structures that promote their stability. Numerical simulations of a dynamical model indicate that the effects of these structures are greatly reduced when mutualistic and antagonistic networks are combined together. How antagonistic and mutualistic networks are interconnected also affects the stability of the whole community. By analysing an empirical network combining pollination and herbivory networks at the level of plants, I have highlighted the existence of a specific interconnection pattern between these two types of network and its contribution to. The stability of the whole community. The analytical study of a module consisting of two species sharing a mutualist and an antagonist allows to better understand the conditions that favour species coexistence and the stability of a community With multiple interaction types.