Catalytic nitrene transfers are useful tools in organic synthesis for the efficient conversion of a C-H bond into a C-N bond. In this context, our group has recently reported the use of sulfonimidamides as efficient chiral nitrene precursors in the rhodium-catalyzed stereoselective C-H amination of hydrocarbons. These PhD studies follow on from this work; it aims, on one hand, at applying the catalytic C-H amination in total synthesis, and, on the other hand, at searching for more sustainable reactions conditions. The first part of the manuscript reports our initial investigations devoted to the synthesis of Dibromophakellstatine. The strategy was based on a key step of C-H amination of a pseudo benzylic position but did not prove successful. A second application deals with the synthesis of polycyclic nitrogen compounds that relies on the catalytic C-H amination of enol ethers and benzocyclobutenes. A 3- to 4-step scheme, thus, allows the efficient access to perhydroindole scaffolds that are isolated in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. The second part deals with the search for sustainable reaction conditions that will avoid the use of stoichiometric amounts of hypervalent iodine reagents. These are indeed responsible for the production of excess iodobenzene. A first approach involves the use of haloamines as nitrene precursors but it did not lead to satisfying results. Attention has thus been paid to the use of benign oxidants allowing the in situ generation of an iodine(III) species from PhI. An extensive screening of reagents and reaction parameters has led to uncover a first significant result in the case of indan that, however, does not prove reproducible.