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Auteur / Autrice : Amaury Delamarre
Direction : Jean-François Guillemoles
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Physique des Matériaux
Date : Soutenance en 2013
Etablissement(s) : Paris 6

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The photovoltaic energy is expected to represent an important part of our future energy sources. To improve its competitiveness, we aim at improving its efficiency and reducing the costs. To this purpose, new characterization methods are needed, both at the industry and research levels. We take advantage in this thesis of the solar cells photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) emissions. To acquire these light fluxes, a hyperspectral imager is developed, which records spectrally resolved images, with an absolute calibration. Therefore the luminescence is measured in photons, per units of energy, time and surface. Analysis methods are developed and validated on high efficiencies gallium arsenide cells. From PL measurements, maps of the pn junction saturation currents are determined contactless. Using the EL, carriers collection efficiency and layer resistivity are probed. Standard measurement methods confirm these results. Eventually, the developed methods are applied to copper indium gallium diselenide solar cells. Such absorbers are strongly inhomogeneous, while presenting high efficiencies. Their mechanisms are not fully understood, and can be investigated by luminescence based characterization methods. For the first time, maps of the quasi-Fermi level splitting are determined from PL records. By comparison with the EL emission, collection and material quality issues can be differentiated at the micrometer scale.