Thèse soutenue

Implication des longueurs telomeriques dans la dystrophie facio-scapulo-humerale (FSHD)

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Auteur / Autrice : Jérôme Robin-Ducellier
Direction : Gillian Butler-BrowneWoodring Erik Wright
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Complexité du vivant
Date : Soutenance en 2013
Etablissement(s) : Paris 6 en cotutelle avec Dallas

Mots clés

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Résumé

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Reporter genes inserted next to telomeres are silenced, a phenomenon known as telomere position effect (TPE), and silencing is further increased by telomere elongation. These observations indicate that telomeres can exert a regulatory capability on the transcription of nearby genes that is proportional to their length. Telomere shortening has been detected in multiple human tissues during aging and is accelerated in some premature aging syndromes. This leads to the intriguing hypothesis that telomere shortening during aging might derepress transcription of subtelomeric genes that could contribute to age-related degeneration and pathology. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) provides a good example where TPE may be involved. FSHD is linked to deletions of D4Z4 tandem repeats adjacent to the terminal region of chromosome 4q35 (25-50kb from the telomere), but the mechanism how this genetic defect translates into its characteristic pathophysiology remains obscure and hinders the development of effective therapies. Using isogenic clones with long and short telomeres combined with the latest developed chromatin-capture technologies, this work has examined the effect of telomere length on the three-dimensional chromatin organization at 4q as well as the expression of FSHD candidate genes (most of them at 4q and therefore potentially direct TPE targets). The former readout revealed interactions between known candidate genes and genes 5 Mb upstream by a telomere length dependent looping, and provides insight on a mechanism that can influence expression pattern of potential target genes. The second, showed for the first time the implication of TPE in a disease and could explain its age-related onset. These observations open up a whole new area of investigation in telomere biology and raise a very large and intriguing set of possibilities of the mechanisms by which telomere shortening influence diverse cellular functions.