Thèse soutenue

Traitement attentional et émotionnel du regard des autres : magnétoencéphalographie et études comportementales

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Auteur / Autrice : José Luis Ulloa Fulgeri
Direction : Nathalie George
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Neurosciences Cognitives
Date : Soutenance en 2013
Etablissement(s) : Paris 6

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Résumé

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Through our eyes we perceive the world and through other’s eyes we perceive other’s world, which in turn may affect the way we look at our own world. Current evidence in social neuroscience indicates that humans possess high sensitivity to signals from other humans, especially from their eyes. Indeed, other’s eyes are an essential part of our social world. Attending to other’s eye gaze is foundational for the construction of meanings in our interaction with others as it is involved in sophisticated social and cognitive mechanisms that allow detecting and interpreting the behaviors and mental sates of others. The study of the perception of the eyes and gaze is thus relevant to understand intersubjective abilities in humans. The central claim of this PhD thesis is that perceiving other’s eyes elicits sophisticated forms of social processing influencing the way we perceive and evaluate persons and objects in the surrounding environment. In three studies, I investigate the neural correlates of eye gaze perception and its effects on emotion-related processes. A first study in magnetoencephalography (MEG) analyzes the neural dynamics associated with the perception of a dynamic social interaction between two avatar faces. This study demonstrates the early sensitivity of the brain to social attention and its continuous responsiveness to combined social and emotional information. A second set of studies investigates how the eye gaze of others modulates the hedonic perception of objects in the context of a triadic relationship between an observed agent, a target, and the participant. A first behavioral study demonstrates the selectivity of this effect to eye gaze relative to other referential social signals and extends previously demonstrated liking effects to non-manipulable, abstract targets. A second study investigates the neural correlates of this liking effect using MEG. The results of this study suggest that regions such as the temporoparietal junction may contribute to the affective effects conveyed by eye gaze on seen objects.