Thèse soutenue

Propriétés optiques de nanostructures et composites de polymères à base d'oxyde de zinc

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Auteur / Autrice : Ishaq Musa
Direction : Eric FaulquesThien-Phap Nguyen
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Physique, Sciences des Nanomatériaux
Date : Soutenance en 2011
Etablissement(s) : Nantes
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Nantes. Faculté des sciences et des techniques

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Résumé

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This thesis presents the synthesis, characterization and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures. In addition, composite thin films made by incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles into conjugated polymer have also been fabricated and studied by optical characterization with special focus on PL measurements. Well-crystallized plate-like and bare ZnO nanoparticles of various sizes (3. 5 - 20 nm) were synthesized by different chemical routes without surface modification. The morphology and structure of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). Strikingly, the intensity of the defect-related emission band is enhanced when the particle size is reduced. In a parallel manner, the energies of near band edge (NBE) UV emission and absorption onsets are blue shifted. The dynamical behavior of exciton confinement is reflected by very a short decay time of the NBE exciton, and by long-lived, multiexponential, intrinsic-defect emission in the green spectral range. This temporal investigation of PL gives strong indication that a quantum confinement effect exists in the electronic structure of ZnO nanoparticles well above the exciton Bohr radius, lasting at subnano/or nanosecond time scales. The observed size dependence of the UV and green emission intensities opens up the possibility of tailoring exciton properties of ZnO nanocrystals for their applications in light emitting diodes or in photovoltaic components. In the same context, the optical properties of ZnO thin films with and without AlN buffer layer will be shortly described as well as those of ZnO coated multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The effect of the various sizes and concentrations of hybrid MEH-PPV/ZnO and PF-oxe/ZnO composites on their optical properties are studied. The PL spectra showed a significant enhancement in intensity in composites when using low nanoparticle concentrations. Additionally, it was also observed that the smaller the size of ZnO nanoparticles the higher the emission efficiency in thin films composites.