Phylogenetic relationships among tree frogs of the genera Polypedates and Rhacophorus : an analysis of morphological data

par Chantip Inthara

Thèse de doctorat en Zoologie

Sous la direction de Annemarie Ohler.

Soutenue en 2009

à Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle , dans le cadre de École doctorale Sciences de la nature et de l'Homme - Évolution et écologie (Paris) .

Le président du jury était Laure Desutter-Grandcolas.

Le jury était composé de Alain Dubois.

Les rapporteurs étaient Alain Canard, Olivier Verneau.

mots clés

• Grenouilles -- Analyse cladistique
• Grenouilles -- Morphologie (biologie)

Résumé

Cladistic analyses of morphological data support a monophyletic group for Polypedates but do not support a monophyletic group for Rhacophorus. Five groups of Rhacophorus are recognized:(1) Group I: R. Appendiculatus; R. Verrucosus; R. Bisacculus; R. Everetti; R. Baliogaster and R. Cavirostris. DIAGNOSIS: post cloacal region with tubercles and/or papillae; skin on dorsum with glandular warts; tip of fingers and toes round; webbing between fingers III-IV small; dermal ridge running along outer edge of fourth finger crenulated; presence of numerous small papillae on heel; dermal ridge running along outer edge of tarsus crenulated; and webbing on toes medium or large. (2) Group II: R. Jarujini; R. Lateralis; R. Turpes; R. Edentulus; R. Monticola and R. Poecilonotus. DIAGNOSIS: presence of two papillae on heel; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; and webbing between toe I-II large or complete. (3) Group III: R. Hoanglienensis; R. Orlovi; R. Margaritifer; R. Gauni; R. Bimaculatus; R. Angulirostris; R. Baluensis; R. Calcaneus and R. Pleurostictus. DIAGNOSIS: absence of vomerine ridge; dermal ridge along forearm smooth; absence of dermal ridge or flap running along outer edge of tarsus; webbing between fingers II-III small; and webbing between toe II-III complete. (4) Group IV: R. Reinwardtii; R. Nigropalmatus; R. Malabaricus; R. Exechopygus; R. Prominanus; R. Dulitensis; R. Htunwini; R. Kio; R. Bipunctatus; R. Rhodopus; R. Annamensis; R. Pardalis; R. Harrissoni; R. Fasciatus; R. Rufipes and R. Robinsoni. DIAGNOSIS: distance from tip of snout to nostril equal to distance from nostril to eyes; presence of dermal flap along forearm; webbing between fingers II-III almost complete or complete; webbing between fingers III-IV complete; presence of dermal flap running along outer edge of fourth finger; presence of ridge or flap on heel; webbing on toes complete; presence of supra-cloacal fold or flap; post cloacal region with ridge or flap. (5) Group V: R. Dennysi; R. Feae; R. Maximus; R. Schlegelii; R. Dorsoviridis; R. Viridis; R. Moltrechti; R. Arboreus; R. Burmanus; R. Arvalis; R. Chenfui; R. Taipeianus; R. Owstoni; R. Minimus; R. Taronensis; R. Duboisi; R. Dugritei; and R. Omeimontis. DIAGNOSIS: head shape in dorsal view sub-elliptical or semicircular; webbing on hand small or medium; webbing between fingers II-III medium; and snout shape in lateral view round or obtuse. (6) Group VI: Polypedates: P. Nasutus; P. Eques; P. Otilophus; P. Megacephalus; P. Leucomystax; P. Macrotis; P. Maculatus; P. Zed; P. Colletti; P. Mutus; and P. Cruciger. DIAGNOSIS: presence or absence of co-ossified skin between eyes; webbing between toes I-II long; webbing between fingers III-IV rudimentary; and tympanum shape oval. Genera names available: Group I - Aquixalus; Groups II-V currently are members of genus Rhacophorus but cladistic analysis of morphological data show that groups are different based on several morphological characters; Group III - Leptomantis; Group IV – Rhacophorus.

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