Thèse soutenue

Expression, purification et caractérisation biophysique des RGPC de mammifères pour des études structurales

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Auteur / Autrice : Kerstin Michalke
Direction : Christian Cambillau
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences de la vie et de la santé. Sciences. Bioinformatique,
Date : Soutenance en 2008
Etablissement(s) : Aix-Marseille 1
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Provence. Section sciences

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Résumé

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G protein–coupled receptors represent the largest family of eukaryotic transmembrane signal transduction proteins. Because of their central role in the body, GPCRs are linked to many human diseases and are therefore important targets for therapeutics. The knowledge of high resolution x-ray structures for GPCRs would facilitate the development of those therapeutics. However, because of their hydrophobic nature and their low abundance in the body, only a few GPCR x-ray structures are known. Within the project MePNet, we therefore produced and characterised GPCRs to subject them to cristallisation assays. We have expressed 45 out of 100 GPCRs in inclusion bodies, almost the half of them with high yields. Expression is neither dependent on the expression temperature nor the cystein content nor the size of individual receptors. Gateway vectors appeared to be superiour to pET vectors and C43 proved to be the most successful expression strain. Expression was successfully scaled up in flasks and fermentors. Fermentor expressed huPTH1R and muCB1R were solubilised in SDS and refolded by artificial chaperone assisted refolding, yielding 280mg and 370mg of refolded PTH1R and CB1R per litre fermentor culture, respectively. Native receptor folding was verified by binding tests. For PTH1R/PTH(1-34) interaction a Kd of 6,5 nM was measured by BIAcore and 56 nM by tryptophan fluorescence quenching assay. CB1R showed an affinity of 38,2 nM for inverse agonist [3H]SR141716A and 19,4 nM for agonist [3H]CP 55,940 in the radioligand binding assay. The CB1R preparation contained 30% of active receptor. Analytic SEC coupled to LS/UV/RI detectors showed that the receptor preparations were contaminated with aggregates, which could be reduced by ultracentrifugation and ligand affinity chromatography, and by changing refolding and gelfiltration conditions. PTH1R and CB1R specific camel heavy chain antibodies fragments (vHHs) were generated and characterised by BIAcore. All tested fragments showed receptor binding activities in the nanomolar range (12- 70nM). Epitopes of PTH1R specific vHHs seem neither to overlap one another nor the binding site of ligand PTH (1-34), which might allow the usage of PTH1R/ PTH (1-34)/ vHH complexes with more than one vHH in crystallisation. PTH1R and CB1R were tested in up to 1400 crystallisation condition, none of these leading to the formation of crystals.