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Auteur / Autrice : Gérard Masselot
Direction : André NelAlain Thomas
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Entomologie
Date : Soutenance en 2005
Etablissement(s) : Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Sciences de la nature et de l'Homme - Évolution et écologie (Paris)
Jury : Président / Présidente : Jean-Marie Betsch
Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Gérard Bellan, François Guérold

Résumé

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A new freshwater biomonitoring tool, the synecoparsimony method, is proposed and tested. The methodological bases are explained. Its validity is tested on several real cases, of various geographical origins (neartic and west-palearctic). It is shown that this method can be used as well to analyze faunistic data as microfloristic. The new tool makes it possible to minimize the ad hoc hypothesis. It enables direct and rigorous confrontation between biological data and the mesologic characteristics of the rivers. The concept of “bio-indicator” taxa is discussed, and the concept of “significant taxa” is proposed. The new European freshwater biomonitoring tools ara studied and criticized. It is shownthat the new suggested method can allow a relevant approach of the quality of water and/or of aquatic environments. Its validity field is specified, and the complementary studies necessary to improve this new tool are exposed. The need for the use of “total evidence” matrices of qualitative biological data, necessary including “rare” taxa, is shown. The specific level of determination of taxa is confirmed as being the most informative. The method we propose could be integrated as a complementary tool available for freshwater managers in Europe.