Thèse de doctorat en Droit public
Sous la direction de Pierre-André Lecocq.
Soutenue en 1998
à Lille 2 .
Au sein d'un etat "ni religieux, ni antireligieux", mais "areligieux", selon l'expression d'aristide briand en 1905, quelle peut etre la place de l'aumonerie republicaine ? selon cette these, l'aumonerie est une consequence de la separation des eglises et de l'etat, mais elle est egalement une veritable exception a cette separation, en permettant a "la religion" de penetrer dans les services publics neutres. Des causes juridiques et historiques ont amene l'etat a se separer des eglises. Les exemples etrangers compares a "la separation a la francaise" montrent l'originalite de celle-ci, a travers les concepts juridiques de laicite de l'etat, de liberte religieuse des individus, ainsi que de la conciliation de ces deux notions antinomiques, veritable mariage de raison. En second lieu, il n'est plus possible d'evoquer la laicite de l'etat (qui est aujourd'hui une laicite ouverte), sans integrer l'existence des aumoneries, ces dernieres etant de veritables elements de definition de cette laicite. Les aumoneries evoluent dans un systeme pluriel (diversite territoriale, diversite des cultes) mais avec des limites protectrices (impossibilite pour les sectes de constituer des aumoneries). Toute organisation administrative passe par des structures et des collaborateurs, la these s'attache a la recherche en vue d'une harmonisation des statuts des aumoniers et des aumoneries ; toutefois, les difficultes d'uniformisation et l'inegalite des differents cultes face a la mise en oeuvre d'aumoneries montrent la necessite de l'achevement juridique harmonise de ces statuts. L'aumonerie de 1998 a un visage different de celui de 1905 : l'etat janus bifrons n'est plus hostile, mais bienveillant a faumonerie, composante du pacte republic
The republican chaplaincy the modern conciliation between the state secularity and the liberty of conscience
Within a state which is "neither religious nor antireligious" but "no religious", according to aristide briand's words in 1905, what could be the position of the republican chaplaincy ? the chaplaincy is a consequence of the disestablishment (of the church), but, this thesis shows that it is also a real exception to this disestablishment as it allows the religion to enter neutral public services. Juridical and historical reasons lead to the disestablishment. Foreign examples are compared to the "french disestablishment" in order to show its originality through the juridical concepts of secularity of the state, of individual religious liberty, and the conciliation of these two antinomic concepts. Thus this disestablishment can be seen as a marriage of convenience. In the second place, it is no more possible to mention the secularity of the state (which is nowadays an open secularity), without talking about the existence of chaplaincies, the material for a definition of this secularity. The chaplaincies are involved in a plural system (territorial and worship diversity) but with prevention borders (impossibility for the sects to organize chaplaincies). Each administrative organization is based on structures and contributors, this thesis emphasizes the need to standardize the status of chaplains and chaplaincies. Nevertheless, some standardization difficulties and inequality between the worships with respect to the implementation of chaplaincies shows the necessity of a juridical harmonization of these status. The chaplaincy in 1998 has a different shape as in 1905 : the janus bifrons state is no more hostile, but kind to the chaplaincy, a component of the modem republican agreement.