Psychologie de la performance sportive

par José-Luis Moraguès

Thèse de doctorat en Psychopathologie clinique

Sous la direction de Jacques Birouste.

Soutenue en 1994

à Montpellier 3 .

mots clés

• Art de performance
• Sportifs -- Aspect psychologique
• Motivation (psychologie)
• Psychothérapie

Résumé

Dans les cas d'echecs sportifs, la clinique de la contre-performance (symptome) confirme la validite des paradigmes freudiens. Le corps y est un coprs represente, dialectise dans la mise en representation du pulsionnel et configure dans la structuration desirante du sujet, laquelle s'effectue dans la confrontation au reel de la perte. La motivation du sujet sportif pour la competition est definie par cette structuration dont elle epouse fidelement les aleas. Mais la clinique met en evidence un etat de performance qui n'est pas deductible de l'approche psychopathologique precitee. Dans l'etat de performance, au "representer" (conscient et inconscient) est oppose le mouvement et un "savoir" du corps en mouvement qui est regi par la spatio-temporalite du "maintenant". D'ou l'hypothese d'une organisation de la pulsion hors les processus psychiques de la representation, et la these : l'etat de performance est un mode d'etr-au-monde qui tire son fondement de l'organisation originaire de la pulsion motion - dans le mouvement. La corporalite designe cette expression corporelle aux franges du representer. L'originaire est l'instance qui s'auto-engendre a partir du pictogramme, lequel se presente comme fragment rythmique de mouvement. Le terme de motionnel designe l'organisation originaire de la motion. Le rythme est l'agent operateur qui transforme la notion en motionnel. Cette experience-formelle-du-mouvement qui est d'auto-creation fonde la duree existentielle et ouvre aux processus primaires et secondaires consitutifs du sujet de la representation.

Titre traduit

Psychology of the performance in sport

Résumé

Where failures at sport are concerned, the clinical observation of the substandard performance - the symptom - confirms the validity of th freudian paradigms. In this clinical observation, the body is represented both in and by the process of mental representation of the institnctual, and it is shaped by the way the subject stuctures his desire - which is achieved by the confrontation with the reality of the loss. The motivation of the sportsman for competition is defined by this structuring of the subject's desire and adopts its uncertainties. But clinical observation shows there exists a state of performance tha cannot be inferred from the psychopathological approach above-mentioned. In this state of performance, movement and the awareness of the body in motion - which is determined by the spatiotemporality of the "now" - are opposed to the process of mental representation (conscious or unconscious). Hence the assumption of an organ ization of the insticnt outside the psychic processes of mental representation and the following theory : the state of performance is a way of being-to the-world which is based on the primal organization of the instinct - or motion - in movement. The word "corporality" refers to this self expression through movement on the fringe of the process of mental representation. The primal agency is the one which is self-created from the pictogram, and this pictogram takes the form of rythmic fragment of movement. The word "motional" refers to the primal organization of the motion. The rythm is the operating agent which transforms the motion into motional. This formal-experience-of-the-moveme nt which proceeds from self-creation. Establishes existential perception of time and leads to primary and secondary processes which constitute the subject of the process of mental representation.