La notion de l'erreur et du non-sens de k. Popper a l. Wittgenstein

The notion of the error and the no-sense betwen l. Wittgenstien and k. Popper

• Auteur / Autrice : ABDELLAZIZ ELAISSAOUI
• Direction : Franck Tinland
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Philosophie
• Date : Soutenance en 1994
• Etablissement(s) : Montpellier 3

Résumé

Le concept du non-sens qu'annonce le tractatus a bouleverse toutes les donnees de la culture contemporaine. Il changera la physionomie de la philosophie du xxe siecle, mais que signifie le non-sens dans la reflexion de l. Wittgenstein? la philosophie de k. Popper est en grande partie une polemique conte le concept du non-sens. Pour lui le non-sens ne peu t etre un critere de demarcation entre le rationnel et l'irrationnel. Il propose le concept de l'erreur comme base du rationalisme et du progres (dans les sciences, comme dans la societe). Or, il s'avere, selon nos analyses, que l'erreur que combat k. Popper n'est que ce qui est appele dans la perspective de wittgenstein le "non-sens", a savoir "l'erreur fondamentale", celle qui empeche la pensee humaine d'aller en avant. Notre these se base sur une demarcation majeure entre le destin positiviste de la "theorie des types" de b. Russell et l'acception originale du non-sens chez wittgenstein. Nous proposons de reconsiderer la controverse enigme - probleme, en mettant a sa place le couple enigme essence. Ainsi le combat de k. Popper et l. Wittgenstein se ramene malgre la difference terminologique a un seul but, a savoir la destruction du subjectivisme, en tant que non-sens ou erreur fondamentale. K. Popper et l. Wittgenstein malgre les innombrables querelles d'interpretations se rejoignent dans une conception commune du monde.

The concept of "no-sense" evoqued in tractatus has overthrown all the relative ideals of contemporary culture. It is believed this concept will change the physionomy of the xx century philosophy. However, what is the real signification of the "no-sense" concept according to l. Wittgenstein reflection? k. Popper's philosophy is greatly against the "no-sense" concept. According to him the "non-sense" concept cannot be a criterion to distinguish betwen the rational and the irrational. Instead, he proposes the concept of "error" as a basis to explain rationalism and progress (the sciences, as well as in the society). However, according to our analysis, it. Can be admitted that "error" has tought by k. Popper is only what l. Wittgenstein refers to as "no-sense", that is to say "fondamental error", which prenvents human thoughts to ameliorate. Our thesis is based on major distinction between the positivist design in the "theory of type" by b. Russell and the original acceptation of "no-sense" by l. Wittgenstein. We propose to reconsider the controversial enigm problem and replace it by the couple enigm essence. Thus, antagonistic relationship existing between k. Popper and l. Wittgenstein could be reclassed to a mere terminological difference, having but a single goal: the distinction of subjectivism be it "no-sense" as fondamental error. Despite the numerous quarrels caused by misleading interpretations, k. Popper and l. Wittgenstein share similar views towards the world s a whole.