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Recherche sur le sacrifice au ciel à l'époque des Han antérieurs

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Auteur / Autrice : Marianne Bujard
Direction : Kristofer Marinus Schipper
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences religieuses
Date : Soutenance en 1994
Etablissement(s) : Paris, EPHE
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : École pratique des hautes études (Paris). Section des sciences religieuses

Résumé

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The thesis analyses the formation of a new state religion during the former Han dynasty by considering the establishment of the most important imperial ritual: the sacrifice to heaven (Jiao). The first part studies the theories of Han scholar Dong Zhongshu and provides a translation of the chapters in the Chungiu Fanlu concerning the sacrifice to heaven. The second part compares dong Zhongshu's view of the Jiao with the material found in the classics, which he claims to be the source of his theory. We attempt to prove that the sacrifice to heaven proposed by Dong Zhongshu and the Han scholars was not an ancient ritual transmitted through the classics, but was a reconstruction intended as the corner-stone of the new state religion. This new religion was designed to replace the ancient local cults inherited from the Qin dynasty and the warring states period, cults which were largely influenced by the magicians (Fangshi). The third part analyses the "Feng and Shan sacrifices’” chapter of Sima Qian's records of the grand historian and give a translation of the second part of history of the former Han dynasty chapter, the "treatise on the sacrifices"; we introduce the struggles and the debates between scholars and Fangshi, both eager to control the state religion.