Thèse soutenue

Complicités et anathèmes en temps de crise : modes de survie du champ littéraire et de ses institutions, 1940-1953 (Académie française, Académie Goncourt, Comité national des écrivains)
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Auteur / Autrice : Gisèle Sapiro
Direction : Pierre Bourdieu
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sociologie
Date : Soutenance en 1994
Etablissement(s) : Paris, EHESS

Résumé

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The crisis that french "literary field" has passed through during german occupation (1940-1944) has induced a loss of its autonomy. This results not only from the controle that the occupying powers and the vichy regime exercised on its infra-structure, and from geographic dispersion of writers, but also from the imposing of politics : non political attit udes would have political effects. On the other side, the most political "responses" to this imposing cannot be understo od in terms of individuals' rationality, but as a result of preexisting structured power relations. The study of the attitudes of official literary institutions as the french academy or the academie goncourt, the members of which contributed to legitimate vichy ideology, reverals the links between collective or individual political positions and th e structural history of the literary field. The clandestine struggle for reconquering a literary autonomy was lead by so me known writers who have lost their status because of the circumstances (aragon, paulhan, mauriac), followed by young poets, who occupied, therefore, a function of "avant-garde". The group was created on the initiative of the communist party, within the organization of a front national.