Thèse soutenue

La politique d'occupation économique dans l'Amazonie occidentale : le cas de l'Acre
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Auteur / Autrice : Marilza Alves de Melo
Direction : Jacques Chonchol
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Études latino-américaines
Date : Soutenance en 1988
Etablissement(s) : Paris 3

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Our aim is to analyse the caracter of the occupation process past and present by stressing the specific character of the agrarian structure: it is a structure situated in midth of an economy which is based on the exploitation of the natural resources and dominated by commercial capital, from which this form of occupation depends. The amazonian area is composed of two districts: eastern and western amazonia. They must be taken into account to seize the reality of the amazonian area, particularly in a study of the agrarian question. As a sample we took an area whose developping process depends from the discovery of rubber allowing us to show the occupation in its different aspects. Situated in the south-west of western amazone and irrigated by the rivers purus, acre and jurua, this area is considered as the greatest reserve of rubber in brazil. In our study of the historical and economical aspects of this area's occupation we confronted the two contradicting models of the appropriation of the richesses and the use of the soil: the first corresponds to the extracting economy model, the second to the agrarian-pastoral model which resulted from the agrarian policy implemented by the military regime after 1964. This policy disrupted the social production relationship and distabilized the ecosystem by depriving the rural population of their livelyhood. It proved uncapable to create another ecomical alternative after the crisis of the rubber; this alternative could have been a new model combining the two activities which are exploitation of mineral resources and agriculture.