Thèse de doctorat en Musicologie
Sous la direction de Daniel Paquette.
Soutenue en 1989
à Lyon 2 .
Entre 1789 et 1860, l'orgue francais subit une evolution sans precedent; celle-ci se remarque a travers la facture et les buffets d'orgues, mais aussi a travers la registration, qui quitte progressivement les modeles stereotypes du dix-huitieme siecle, pour devenir une sorte d'orchestration de la piece musicale. L'instrument est affecte par une multitude de tendances contradictoires, qui vont de la musique revolutionnaire a l'opera (bel canto italien), de l'archaique plainchant aux fanfares militaires. A l'eglise, a l'office, les interventions de l'orgue, soigneusement reglees par les rituels, empruntent a ces differentes influences. Toutefois, le renouvellement du repertoire s'amorce vers 1850, avec la publication d'auteurs allemands. Par le biais des inaugurations, la notion d'orgue de concert commence a poindre, face a un repertoire religieux qui s'essouffle. A travers une anthologie de pieces d'orgue, totalement meconnues mais representatives de la litterature de l'epoque, est trace le lien qui unit, sans heurts ni ruptures, balbastre a franck. Certaines formes se meurent (duo, recit en taille), d'autres (symphonie, sonate) naissent. Quelques oeuvres n'auront qu'une duree ephemere (symphonie concertante, bataille) et sont typiquement liees a la periode de transition. Ces pages, commentees et analysees, prouvent la connaissance des possibilites de l'orgue, le savoir-faire d'un batiste, lasceux, fessy. . . L'etude des oeuvres marquantes de ces maitres, et celles d'auteurs plus modestes, montre l'interet, la multiplicite de la litterature d'orgue de notre periode.
The organ in france from 1789 to 1860. Presentation of an anthology
Between 1789 to 1860, the french organ undergoes a remarkable evolution; it can be noticed in organ-chests and their manufacturing as well as in the registration which progressively leaves the stereotyped patterns of the eighteenth century to become a kind of scoring of the musical piece. The instrument is affected by a multitude of contradictory tendencies which spread from the revolutionary music to the opera (the italian bel canto), from the obsolete plain-song to the military band. In churches, during the services, the interventions of the organ which are carefully codified in ritual books, are strangely influenced by these forms. Nevertheless, the renewal of the repertoire roughly begins in 1850 with the publishing of german composers. With the inaugurations of instruments, the notion of concert organs is dawning whereas the religious repertoire is losing some of its interest. Through an anthology of utterly unknown but representative organ pieces from the literature of the time, balbastre and franck are smoothly and progressively linked. While some forms are dying, some others (such as the simphonies and sonatas) are coming in life. A few works will only have an ephemeral existence (such as the battles) and are typically related to this transitory period. These pages duly analysed ans commented upon, prove the savoir-faire, the knowledge in the possibilities of the organ which batiste, lasceux, fessy had.