Thèse soutenue

Recherche de nouvelles méthodes de multiplication conforme in vitro chez l'artichaut : Cynara scolymus L.
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Auteur / Autrice : Philippe Callac
Direction : Yvette Dattée
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences biologiques
Date : Soutenance en 1988
Etablissement(s) : Paris 11
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté des sciences d'Orsay (Essonne)

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Résumé

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In vitro multiplication of globe artichoke is based on shoot apices culture and micropropagation. However, this method cannot be extended to mass production. To try and find new methods, we considered two different approaches somatic embryogenesis and adventive organogenesis. A great number of different explants were cultivated to find out which organs and which stages are the most suitable for callogenesis or organogenesis. Neither organic nor embryogenic calli were obtained. On the other hand, rhizogenesis was obtained from organs such as cotyledons and stamens; caulogenesis was obtained from young receptacles and isolated flowers. It was possible to regenerate plants from shoots produced by these last two organs. In a second step, we studied the way of obtaining shoots from isolated flowers in vitro and their micropropagation. This technique uses a sequence of media, the first being inductive. Histological studies showed that adventive structures originated from axil of sepals. Even though the number of organogenic flowers may be important, only a few produced good quality shoots. This process allows regeneration of virus and bacteria free plants. Yield and conformity problems were considered. Potential applications of this new technique are pointed out.