Thèse de doctorat en Théâtre
Sous la direction de André Veinstein.
Soutenue en 1987
à Paris 8 .
Examiner la situation actuelle du theatre experimental populaire libanais, a travers les exemples revelateurs du theatre al-sindbad, al-hakawati et celui de ziyad rahbani, tel est le propos de cette these. Or, aborder l'experience specifique de ces trois troupes, revient a evoquer une forme dramatique qui se definit d'abord comme un renouement avec la culture du grand public, ses traditions et ses modes de vie, par la recherche ensuite des elements d'une reponse au role du theatre et a son utilite dans la vie sociale. Dans ce sens, le theatre al-hakawati constitue probablement l'experience la plus reussie au niveau de l'adaptation du theatre au langage populaire, - le mot langage etant pris ici dans son sens large, qui inclut le "gestus social" dont parle b. Brecht. Malgre sa specificite, cette experience peut cependant se rappor- ter a d'autres, locales ou internationales, qu'on qualifie du nom de "theatre reel", et dont le but est de depasser la notion de catharsis pour rechercher une authenticite esthetique et sociale au niveau du rapport du theatre avec son public. Notre demarche donne un apercu historique des formes libanaises du spectacle. Nous mettons plus particulierement l'accent sur la troupe al-hakawati, qui a essaye d'appliquer une de ces formes a l'art theatral. D'autre part, notre methodologie s'appuie sur l'analyse de l'oeuvre d'al-hakawati, en etablissant un parallele entre celle- ci et d'autres experiences locales et internationales ayant eu des tendances pour ainsi dire similaires et ayant affronte, chacune d'elles dans des conditions particulieres, une problema- tique qui n'etait pas forcement celle des autres
The problematic theatre in its relation to the living reality : the lebanese example
The thesis examines the contempory situation of popular experimental theatre in lebanon, through the revealing theatrical modes of al-sindbad, of al-hakawati, and that of ziyad rahbani. In analysing the particular accomplishment of these three groups it is essential to consider a dramatic form, definable first of all as a renewal of links with the popular culture in the wider sense, with its traditions and its ways of life; and second as a quest to provide elements of a response to the problematic of the rule of the theatre and its pertinence in social life. In this respect, the al-hakawati genre of theatre is probably the most successful initiative at the level of adaptation of the theatre to popular language (the term language here being understood in its broad sense, including here the "gestus social" of b. Brecht). In spite of its specificity, this initiative can be related to others, both local and international, in the traditions of "theatre of the real", where the common objective is to go beyond the notion of catharsis in search of social and esthetic authenticity at the level of the relationship of the theatre with its public. The study provides a historical perspective on the different modes of dramatic presentation in the lebanese tradition. Particular emphasis is placed on the al-hakawati troup, which has tried to apply one of these modes to theatrical art. Complementary to this histori cal aspect, the approach of the study is based on an analysis of the work of al-hakawati. A parallel is drawn between this activity and other local and international initiatives which show comparable tendencies in same respects although nevertheless not necessarily addressing it the same manner the problematic of the relation between the theatre and its public