Thèse de doctorat en CINEMA
Sous la direction de Henri Agel.
Soutenue en 1988
à Montpellier 3 .
Le but de ce travail a ete de demontrer que le cinema romanesque americain, en particulier dans les annees quarante et cinquante, n'a pas ete simplement un art de "divertissement" (au sens le plus restrictif du terme. ) les oeuvres etudiees ici prouvent, au contraire, que leurs auteurs ont laisse filtrer. Sous couvert de l'"entertainment", une sorte de nostalgie douce-amere, un mal de vivre, des regrets devant la fuite du temps, une conscience d'un bonheur rarement possible, le sentiment douloureux d'une vie qui mene a la fin des illusions et souvent a l'echec. Avec, cependant, et cela peut paraitre paradoxal, le recours au reve pour echapper a la tristesse du quotidien, a la solitude, au malaise de la vie. Cet art, loin d'etre celui des happy-ends systematiques, refleterait bien davantagele caractere tragique de l'etre humain, tente par le reve et l'ideal, mais confronte sans cesse a une realite qui, irremediablement, s'oppose a tout espoir. C'est la raison pour laquelle il semble que, a travers toutes ces oeuvres, se profile cette "felure" dont les romans americains de la "generation perdue" furent aussi les temoins (en particulier fitzgerald et hemingway). La vie de ces auteurs en fut elle-meme le reflet amer. Les films etudies vont de 1938 a 1962, aucune date precise ne pouvant etre retenue, sinon de maniere purement arbitraire.
American romantic films of the forties and fifties : an illustration of the "crack up" theme
The aim of this research is to show that american romantic films, particularly those of the forties and fifties, were not just examples of the art of "entertainment" (in the narrowest sense of the word). The works studied here prove, on the contrary, that their authors, under the pretence of entertainment, expressed in fact, a kind of bitter-sweet nostalgia, a "life sickness", a form of malevolence, with regrets for the passing of time, a consciousness that happiness is seldom reached, and the painful feeling of a life that leads to the end of illusions and, generally, to failure. Paradoxically, this does not prevent the heroes from resorting to dream in order to escape from the bleakness of reality, from solitude and the "malaise" of life. This art, far from being that of the systematic "happy ending", emphasizes rather the tragic character of man, always tempted by dreams and idealism, although he is ceaselessly confronted with reality which is itself incompatible with hope. Hence, the "crack up" theme which pervades those motion pictures, the same as could already be found in the novels of the "lost generation" writers (especially fitzgerald and hemingway) whose own lives were the very mirror of such tragic existential crises.