La cave et le grenier : villageois des vignobles chalonnais et mâconnais : deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle

The cellar and the loft. The villagers of the chalonnais and maconnais vineyards. (second half of the 19th century)

• Auteur / Autrice : Pierre Goujon
• Direction : Gilbert Garrier
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Histoire
• Date : Soutenance en 1988
• Etablissement(s) : Lyon 2

Résumé

L'essor de la viticulture au xixe siecle a fortement conditionne l'evolution de la societe regionale. Un vignoble de masse complete le vignoble de qualite. La bourgeoisie proprietaire et rentiere en a controle le developpement. Elle a preserve la viticulture de qualite pendant l'expansion de 1850 a 1880 et lors de la reconstitution post-phylloxerique. Rejetant le modele de la grande exploitation capitaliste, elle a maintenu le systeme domanial, systeme de production traditionnel. Mais elle a echoue dans son entreprise de controler le marche et les prix, domines par le negoce. Ouverte et bien integree a l'ensemble national, la societe villageoise est a l'apogee de sa vitalite et de sa cohesion a la veille de 1914. La famille s'adapte a la modernite par le malthusianisme, l'ouverture matrmoniale et professionnelle et la demande scolaire. Malgre le depeuplement, la communaute villageoise, socialement diversifiee, est mieux structuree. Si, a cause des progres de l'indifference religieuse, le pole paroissial de sociabilite est en declin, une vie associative laique variee et vigoureuse en assure la cohesion et l'integration. La vie municipale introduit la politique au village des le second empire. Sous l'influence d'une bourgeoisie liberale et republicaine, le vignoble est oriente a gauche des 1848. . .

The growth of the vine-groning trade in the 19th century has greatly contributed to reshape local society. To quality vineyards were added those producing wine for the masses, under the control of the middleclass, composed of land-owners who farmed out their estates. They preserved quality vineyards in the years of expansion (1850-1880) and durind the post-phylloxera process restoration. Rejecting the pattern of large-scale capitalist farming, they maintened the traditionnal system of production, based on the domanial estate. But they failed to control the market and the price system, still dominated by the wine-merchants. In the villages, society was open and in harmony with the national pattern, and the climax of its vitality and cohesion was reached just before 1914. The family adapted itself to modern circumstances through malthsian practices, matrimonial and professional changes, and the promotion of education. In spite of depopulation, the village community became more closely-knit and socially diversified. With religious fervour on the wane, the parish lost part of its social sway, but the cohesion and the integration of the community were ensured by the multifariuos activities of non-religious local societi