Thèse soutenue

Étude et conception de capteurs à ultrasons pour l'évaluation non invasive de la ventilation pulmonaire chez l'homme
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Auteur / Autrice : Alexandre Vincent
Direction : Francis Devos
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Electronique
Date : Soutenance en 1987
Etablissement(s) : Paris 11
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté des sciences d'Orsay (Essonne)
Jury : Président / Présidente : Francis Devos

Résumé

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This work includes three parts : The design of new sensors using ultrasonic propagation and allowing different motion measurements of the human ventilatory system. -The choice of suitable composite variables allowing the determination of pulmonary volumes with enough accurary by a pattern of breathing box. The automatisation of the clinic data processing, got in parallel from a direct spirometer, from perimetric and surfacic sensors and from new ultrasonic sensors. A method of efficient volume-motion coefficients is obtained from these data. The first part originality is linked to the choice of the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic wave resulting from a compromise between a some rather short wave length in order to keep a good resolution, which is long enough to properly cross the ventilatory system. We have also shown the propagation of a compression wave guided by skindeep tissus. This wave allows us to measure cords or fractions of thoracic or abdominal perimeters. The geometrie pattern explicits respective assignments of two partially independant compartments during breathing, and lets understanding of the influence of the ventilatory system geometrie changes of volume-motion coefficients. Finally, we show that ventilatory motions include not only transversal and sagittal dilatations of compartments, but also a lengthening of the whole ventilatory system which importance is stretched by the necessity of a third variable measured with the ultrasonic sensor. Ln conclusion, this work represents a technological contribution on new sensors and a methodologie one in the calibration field. Lt allows us to look forward at an extension of using non-invasive measurement of ventilation to monitor breathing during long periods. KEY WOBQS: Breathing functional tests, non-invasive measurement of ventilation, volume-motion coefficients, ventilatory system modelling, ultrasonic wave guided by interfaces, biologie tissue.