Thèse soutenue

Organisation sptatiale de la variabilité génétique et phénotypique à l'échelle du paysage : le cas du chamois et du chevreuil, en milieu de montagne

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Auteur / Autrice : Stéphanie Cassar
Direction : Anne Loison
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Écologie
Date : Soutenance en 2007
Etablissement(s) : Lyon 1

Mots clés

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Résumé

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Natural populations are spatially heterogeneous, structured at different scales and ecological traits, such as demographic or genetic component. Many factors can be involved in the spatial substructure of populations: intrinsic factors like intraspecific competition but also environmental factors, such as landscape barriers. Firstly, we studied the spatial organisation of genetic variability in two ungulates, Roe deer and Chamois, in order to identify the spatial scale at which populations are substructured and the ecological factors involved in these spatial patterns. Our results suggest that populations of roe deer and chamois are spatially subdivided and constituted of several sub-units. Our findings indicate the presence of constraints acting on individual movements and gene flow. Landscape fragmentation, habitat heterogeneity and social organisation seem to be the main factors involved in these spatial patterns. Coupled to genetic analyses, the spatial distribution of roe deer body mass in correlation with landscape variables has been investigated. Our results reveal a high spatial heterogeneity of individual body mass, due to pronounced spatial habitat variability in the Bauges massif. Our study highlights first the importance of detecting genetic spatial pattern of populations and the scale at which they are spatially substructured and second the necessity of determining which factors can influence these patterns, especially in wildlife management