Thèse soutenue

Développements de composants millimétriques pour la caractérisation de la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique

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Auteur / Autrice : Guillaume Bordier
Direction : Michel Piat
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Astronomie et astrophysique
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

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The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the first light emitted by the Universe is a radiation observed today in the millimeter wave range. One of the major challenges of modern cosmology is the detection of the B-mode polarization anisotropies in the CMB. Their precise characterisation constitutes a major step towards to constrain models of inflation, a very fast phase of expansion during the first moments of the Universe. This very weak signal requires a new generation of instruments combining a high sensitivity and a very good control of systematics. This manuscript describes the developments of millimeter wave range components made during my thesis. For the project QUBIC, a telescope based on the bolometric interferometry, I contributed to the study of large horn array made with a fabrication technique called \textit{platelets}. I'm also involved in the development of an original solution for waveguide switches working in a cryogenic environment at 4K, essential components for the calibration of the instrument. With the project BSD funded by CNES, I contributed to the characterization of a diplexer of polarization and to the development of a switch and a phase shifter using the superconducting planar technology. These components are very interesting to develop an integrated detection architecture for the next generation of instruments dedicated to the characterization of CMB B-modes.