Thèse soutenue

FR
Auteur / Autrice : Giulia Pegolotti
Direction : Angela Vasanelli
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Physique
Date : Soutenance en 2014
Etablissement(s) : Paris 7

Résumé

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The main focus of this PhD work is the theoretical study of the optical response of dense electron gases confined in semiconductor quantum wells. In such systems, the absorption spectra present optical resonances at completely different energies with respect to the quantum well electronic transitions. These resonances are associated with the excitation of collective states, renormalized by Coulomb interaction. Most of this work is devoted to the development of a model of the optical response accounting for collective effects in systems of tunnel-coupled quantum wells. The light-matter interaction is calculated in two steps. We start from the microscopic polarizations associated with the electronic transitions between confined levels of the wells. Dipole-dipole coupling between electronic polarizations causes the appearance of collective states, whose interaction with the electromagnetic field is then considered. As a result, the absorption spectrum is expressed in terms of microscopic currents, describing the collective charge oscillations. The theoretical model is applied to a series of relevant systems, and its outcomes are compared with experimental results. As the collective states are issued from the coherent superposition of several electronic excitations, they have the properties of superradiant states. They are thus a promising entity for the realization of efficient light emitters in the mid- and far - infrared frequency range.