Thèse soutenue

Comparaison de l'effet des tempêtes et du chalutage sur la resuspension et le transport de matières particulaires dans le Golfe du Lion

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Auteur / Autrice : Bénédicte Ferré
Direction : Xavier Durrieu de Madron
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Océanologie
Date : Soutenance en 2004
Etablissement(s) : Perpignan
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Énergie environnement (Perpignan)

Résumé

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The impact of storms and trawling on the resuspension and transport of sediment in the Gulf of Lion has been studied. A first experiment conducted in a muddy-sand bay, illustrated the effect of a major storm on sediment resuspension. The results revealed a strong turbidity increase throughout the whole water column. Particulate flux were estimated and highlighted the limitation of erosion by bed armoring. Residence time of suspended fine particles after the peak of the storm was about one week. A 1DV oscillatory turbulent boundary layer model compared well with the observations and further showed that such storms could resuspend sediment up to 40 m depth, corresponding to the sand to mud transition limit. A second experiment aimed at estimating the characteristics of the turbid plumes and the resuspension fluxes generated by bottom trawls (geometry, resuspended sediment concentration, grain size) on different muddy substrates. Monitoring and modeling of plume deposition showed that most of the resuspended sediment settled within a couple of hours, and that the remaining suspended fine sediment could feed the bottom nepheloid layer. The impact of both resuspension processes was compared in winter conditions using a sediment- and hydro- dynamics model. Results indicate that waves and currents resuspend primarily muddy-sand sediments of the inner-shelf, between 20 and 40 m deep, whereas trawling-induced resuspension is maximum on muddy sediment between 80 and 100 m depth. Whereas the quantities resuspended by waves and currents clearly exceed those induced by trawling, the quantities of exported particles are comparable.