La politique criminelle congolaise : de la juxtaposition a l'harmonisation des modeles

The congolese criminal policy : from a juxtaposition to the harmont-sation of models

• Auteur / Autrice : Alphonse J. Soumbou
• Direction : Mireille Delmas-Marty
• Type : Thèse de doctorat
• Discipline(s) : Sciences criminelles
• Date : Soutenance en 1990
• Etablissement(s) : Paris 11

Résumé

Le congo connait, pendant et apres la colonisation par la france, la coexistencedes s6ystemes juridiques francais (liberal) et traditionnel (fondesur les coutumes). Avec la "revolution" d'aout 1963 nait et se developpe un systeme juridique d'inspiration marxiste qui envisage de contrecarrer l'ordrejuridique liberal et de marginaliser l'ordre juridique traditionnel. Depuis lors, la politique criminelle congolaise se caraterise par la juxtaposition de plusieurs modes de regulation qui sous-tendent l'existence, sur le meme terrain, des modeles juridiques societe sans etat (traditionnel), etat-societe (ne du fait colonial) et etat autoritaire3 (issu de l'adoption du marxisme comme philosophie d'etat). Cesdifferents modeles loin d'etre complementaires se contredisent, se concurrencent, se neutralisent et donnent une image confuse de la politique criminelle congolaise. Cependant, la ratification par le congo de la charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples (1981), et la reconnaissance (1989) de la competence du comite des droits de l'homme de l'o. N. U. (article 41 du pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques). Devraient permettre une harmonisation des modeles en presence ainsi que l'elaboration d' une politique criminelle respectueuse des droits de l'homme.

During and aflter the period of french colonialsm. The congo experienced the coexistence of the french legal system (the liberal type) and the traditional one (based on customs). The august 1983 "revolution" gave birth to a system inspired by marxiam which, as it developed, was intented to undermine the liberal legal system and to marginalize the traditional one. Since then, congolose criminal polioy has been characterized by a juxtaposition of several types of regulation which derive from the existence, on the same territory, of three different legal models : the tribal society (the traditional one), the liberal state (inherited from colonialism), and the authoritarian state (stemming from the adoption of marxism-leninism as state philosophy). These different models, far from being complementary, contradict each other, compete which each other, are neutralized by each other, and give a confused picture of congolese criminal policy. However, the congo's ratification of the african charter non human rights of nations (1981), and its recognition (1989) of the competence of the u. N. Human rights committee (in accordance with the article 4i of the international convenant on civil and political rights) should make it possible to harmonized the presebt models as well as to