The thesis aims to capitalize and enhance the scientific collaborations initiated for several years by two laboratories of the Savoie Mont-Blanc University: EDYTEM, on the one hand, specialized in the geomorphodynamics of slopes and on the other hand the LISTIC, specialized in image processing and especially in image time series analysis. Recent progress in instrumentation and image processing have reached a level of maturity that now makes it possible to envisage the industrialization of a high-resolution environmental monitoring system. Thanks to its previous products in the field (such as RiverBoard®, for hydrometric monitoring), TENEVIA has the technical and human capabilities to fully exploit the technological innovations proposed. The novelty of our approach is to use the stereoscopic effect produced by two synchronized automatic cameras, monitoring the site from two different points of view. The 3D geometry of the studied slope can be reconstructed at a variable time step, from a few seconds to several days, thus generating time series of spatial data at very high resolution (up to a few cm, over several hectares) producing '4D' results. The goal of this work is to make a fully operational 4D monitoring mechanism of slope movements and to achieve a marketable product allowing both to respond to strong and multiple socio-economic expectations and to solve scientific problematics. To achieve this goal, the thesis will address various instrumental, algorithmic and computational challenges, for which the two research laboratories and the company are an optimal framework. Most of the approaches and methods developed within this thesis are transdisciplinary, and other applications of this work can be envisaged in the context of measuring and monitoring natural environments.