Thèse soutenue

La propagation des infections nosocomiales et des entérobactéries émergentes et multirésistantes au sein du réseau des hôpitaux : évaluation du rôle des transferts inter-établissement des patients sur le risque infectieux et les mesures de contrôle

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Auteur / Autrice : Narimane Nekkab
Direction : Laura Temime
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Biologie des populations et écologie. Sécurité sanitaire
Date : Soutenance le 25/06/2018
Etablissement(s) : Paris, CNAM
Ecole(s) doctorale(s) : École doctorale Sciences des métiers de l'ingénieur (Paris ; 2000-....)
Partenaire(s) de recherche : Laboratoire : Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques pour la sécurité sanitaire (Paris) - Recherche en pharmaco-épidémiologie et recours aux soins (Rennes)
école : École des hautes études en santé publique (Rennes ; 2008-...)
Jury : Président / Présidente : Jean-Claude Desenclos
Examinateurs / Examinatrices : Pascal Crépey, Vittoria Colizza
Rapporteurs / Rapporteuses : Tjibbe Donker, Véronique Merle
DOI : 10.70675/159d64a6z8e3dz412ez8e59zcfb82a33182a

Résumé

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The spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and multi-drug resistance in healthcare networks is a major public health issue. Evaluating the role of inter-facility patient transfers that form the structure of these networks may provide insights on novel infection control measures. Identifying novel infection control strategies is especially important for multi-drug resistant pathogens such as Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) due to limited treatment options. The increasing use of inter-individual contact and inter-facility transfer network data in mathematical modelling of HAI spread has helped these models become more realistic; however, they remain limited to a few settings and pathogens. The main objectives of this thesis were two-fold: 1) to better understand the structure of the healthcare networks of France and their impact on HAI spread dynamics; and 2) to assess the role of transfers on the spread of CPE in France during the 2012 to 2015 period. The French healthcare networks are characterized by centralized patient flows towards hubs hospitals and a two-tier community clustering structure. We also found that networks of patients with HAIs form the same underlying structure as that of the general patient population. The number of CPE episodes have increased over time in France and projections estimate that the number of monthly episodes could continue to increase with seasonal peaks in October. The general patient network was used to show that, since 2012, patient transfers have played an increasingly important role over time in the spread of CPE in France. Multiple spreading events of CPE linked to patient transfers were also observed. Despite subtle differences in the flows of patients with an HAI and the general patient population, the general patient network may best inform novel infection control measures for pathogen spread. The structure of healthcare networks may help serve as a basis for novel infection control strategies to tackle HAIs in general but also CPE in particular. Key healthcare hubs in large metropoles and key patient flows connecting hospital communities at the local and regional level should be considered in the development of coordinated regional strategies to control pathogen spread in healthcare systems.