Thèse soutenue

Nouveaux modèles in vivo pour l'étude du rôle du recepteur nicotinique dans le stade précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer

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Auteur / Autrice : Sylvia Lombardo
Direction : Uwe Maskos
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Cerveau. Cognition. Comportement
Date : Soutenance en 2013
Etablissement(s) : Paris 6

Mots clés

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Résumé

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative, which is predicted to become a major burden as our population ages. To investigate its underlying neurobiological mechanisms, different models of AD were developed. However, these models show some limitations. We have developed novel approaches to study the early phases of AD in the mouse brain. The first system we developed takes advantage of the lentiviral vector technology. We created a lentivirus that expresses the human amyloid precursor protein sequence harbouring 3 pathogenic mutations identified in patients, Swedish, London and Austrian. This vector injected into the mouse hippocampus is able to direct Aß synthesis and its accumulation, together with deficits in short term memory. The second model was obtained by injecting small Aß oligomers, called ADDLs, in vivo into the mouse brain. This approach allowed us to investigate the synaptic changes 24 hours post-injection of this toxic form of Aß. We observed a decrease in the post-synaptic markers PSD-95 and Drebrin in ADDLs injected mice. Once established the efficacy of our systems, we used them to investigate the role of nicotinic receptors in AD. We have combined the use of our systems with knock-out mouse lines for specific nicotinic subunits. We showed a possible role of the ß2 subunit in the memory loss mediated by the expression of hAPP in the hippocampus, and a role of the α7 subunit in ADDL-induced synaptic toxicity. The novel animal models of AD we developed during this work should provide a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms, and of the involvement of nicotinic receptors, notably in the early events occurring in this pathology.