Thèse soutenue

La formation du Mahāvastu et la mise en place des conceptions relatives à la carrière du bodhisattva

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Auteur / Autrice : Vincent Tournier
Direction : Cristina Anna Scherrer-Schaub
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Sciences religieuses
Date : Soutenance en 2012
Etablissement(s) : Paris, EPHE
Partenaire(s) de recherche : autre partenaire : École pratique des hautes études. Section des sciences religieuses (Paris)

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Résumé

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The present work aims to shed light on the school of the Mahāsāṃghika-Lokottaravādins during a key period for the History of Indian Buddhism (ca. 1st to 5th/6th century AD) and on the evolution of its conception of the bodhisattva and of his religious practice. This is achieved by studying the formation and the vicissitudes of an integral part of that school's Vinayapiṭaka, namely the Mahāvastu. Analysis of the text in the light of the earliest surviving manuscript reveals different stages in the genesis of the Mahāvastu, in particular, successive accretions that found their way into the first part of the collection and that deal with the spiritual career of Śākyamuni before his last birth. At an early stage, the raison d'être of the Mahāvastu must have been to serve as a narrative companion to the Miscellanea section of the Vinaya, and in particular to its account of categories of ordination. The growth of the literary genre of works that recount the lineages of Buddhas in whose presence Śākyamuni progressed towards Awakening led to an extension ad infinitum of his career. Within this literature, terms for four phases in his spiritual practice came into being, and these lent themselves to being generalised to apply to the careers of all bodhisattvas. This paved the way for the acceptance, among the Lokottaravādins, of discourses that openly promoted perfect Awakening as a religious goal. As a contribution to the understanding of this phenomenon, I present a study of the process that led to the integration into the Mahāvastu of the Daśabhūmika, a text transmitted by practitioners aiming at Buddhahood, and to its recognition as the Word of the Buddha.