Thèse soutenue

Pathogènes émergents et multi-résistants au cours de la mucoviscidose

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Auteur / Autrice : Fadi Bittar
Direction : Jean-Marc Rolain
Type : Thèse de doctorat
Discipline(s) : Médecine. Maladies transmissibles et pathologies tropicales
Date : Soutenance en 2009
Etablissement(s) : Aix-Marseille 2

Résumé

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most common hereditary disorder in Caucasian population. Pulmonary infections remain the main problem in these patients leading to high mortality and morbidity. Correct identification of bacteria in respiratory samples is critical for these patients either for antibiotic therapy or for detection of cross-transmission and/or outbreaks. However, the current phenotypic methods used for detection and identification of bacteria in these samples lack both sensitivity and specificity. The objectives of our work were to detect and to identify new and/or emerging bacteria in respiratory samples from these patients using innovative molecular methods. In the first part of this work we have demonstrated a huge microbial diversity in respiratory samples of CF patients (anaerobes, new bacterial species) using universal 16S RNA PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of numerous clones as well as high throughput pyrosequencing tool. In the second part we have isolated and identified using molecular methods atypical and multi drug resistant bacteria in these patients including Acetobacter indonesiensis, Ochromobacter anthropi, Brevundimonas diminuta, Nocardia farcinica, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, and Inquilinus limosus. Finally, we have sequenced the complete genome of an epidemic strain of Staphylococcus aureus (strain CF-Marseille) using high throughput sequencing system (454 Life Science Corp. , Roche). Genome analysis revealed a mosaicism of the genomic organization of this strain with specific mobile genetic elements including an original type IV SCCmec cassette and the presence of bacteriophages that could be induced by antibiotics classically used for therapy in these patients.